Two-dimensional (2D) materials

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are defined as crystalline materials consisting of single- or few-layer atoms, in which the in-plane interatomic interactions are much stronger than those along the stacking direction. The popular 2D materials are graphene, h-BN, Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (such as MoS₂, WS₂, MoSe₂), black phosphorus and Monolayers of silicon (silicene), germanium (germanene) and tin (stanene).

2D materials are widely used for field-effect transistors, flexible electronics, photodetectors, composite materials, energy storage, precise sensors, DNA sequencing and drug delivery.